This chapter will assess such extensive spatial development efforts. Have they succeeded in their aim of redistributing Egypt’s rapidly growing population away from the crowded Nile Valley? What has been the record in generating new economic activities and providing employment opportunities? And to what extent have these spatial policies succeeded in providing affordable housing and economic opportunities for Egyptians of limited income? This chapter will also examine the negative impact on existing cities and villages of a spatial policy that requires a significant and continued allocation of important economic resources to new developments in the desert. Finally, this chapter raises the issue of distorted national development policies due to the State’s over-reliance on mega projects in the desert and their perceived windfall financial gains.