Egypt has faced an alarming challenge for decades in creating enough jobs for its booming labor force. Although Egypt has undertaken many economic reforms since the 1970s that successfully achieved high economic growth and macroeconomic stability, they were inadequate in creating sufficient and high-quality jobs. Long-run structural factors are core drivers of poor labor market outcomes in the Egyptian context; thus, this chapter aims to explain how these long-run structural factors are responsible for the Egyptian labor market’s current performance. In doing so, this chapter first provides a brief historical overview of the growth-employment nexus in Egypt in light of different economic policies since the economic openness of the 1970s. Second, it addresses the informality problem in Egypt by highlighting its evolution and key characteristics. Third, it tackles different structural factors that possibly explain why growth outcomes have not trickled down and are reflected in employment levels and quality.