The evolution of competition law and policy in Egypt has been a dynamic process, shaped by changing economic and political landscapes. We begin by exploring the historical context that set the stage for the development of competition policy in Egypt, starting from the first case in early 1900, and leading up to the promulgation of Law No. 3 of 2005 on the Protection of Competition and the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices – the Egyptian Competition Law, along with the establishment of the Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA). The chapter then traces the trajectory of the Authority’s enforcement of competition law, highlighting its evolving priorities and policies over the past two decades, as well as key milestones and regulatory changes. Throughout the chronological plot, particular emphasis is placed on the interplay between state intervention, macroeconomic policies and competition. The chapter then explores the recent developments in competition policy both in the local economy and regionally. In particular, we analyze how competitive neutrality is being integrated into the competition policy agenda given the increasing government’s efforts to promote the private sector’s role in economic activity, as evidenced by the competitive neutrality strategy and the recently issued State Ownership Policy Framework. We then explore Egypt’s leading role in regional cooperation initiatives aimed at promoting collaboration and harmonization of competition policies across borders, highlighting benefits and challenges associated with regional cooperation through real-world case studies.