Since the second half of the twentieth century, Egypt’s agricultural and food policies have undergone significant shifts and transformations, reflecting historical legacies, economic ideologies, and sociopolitical dynamics. While progress has been made to address issues such as land inequality and food security, persistent challenges such as low productivity, trade deficits, and environmental degradation highlight the need for comprehensive reforms and strategic transformation towards more resilient and sustainable food systems. By learning from past experiences including both failures and successes, Egypt can chart a more sustainable and inclusive path towards agricultural growth and development and food security in the future. This chapter adopts systematic retrospective approach to overview major agrifood policies since 1950s and critically assess their overall outcomes. Specifically, the chapter addresses three intertwined questions: How have Egyptian agrifood policies evolved over the last seven decades? To what extent have these policies achieved their intended outcomes? and How can Egypt build a sustainable and resilient food system? Through addressing these questions, this chapter offers insights for Egyptian policymakers into fostering food system sustainability amidst current and projected nature-induced stressors and socioeconomic challenges.